A large number of coarse minerals such as feldspar, quartz, and mica were distributed in granite in this area. As easily weathered minerals, feldspar and mica could cause small, mesh-like depressions to form on the surface of the granite. The small depressions continued to grow large under the influence of physical-chemical weathering. Especially, as snow and ice melted, the flow of cold water would erode the surface of the soft rocks, causing the rocks within these depressions to continually fracture and crumble. Thus, large and small pits took form and slowly transformed into caves. In addition, substantial quantities of snow accumulated at the base of cave clusters as a result of obstacles, transforming into ice during winter. With prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and the harshly intensified frost weathering, freezing and thawing, frost wedging, as well as other physical weathering conditions, along with the potent effects of chemical weathering and varying rock structures and hydrodynamic forces, the caves and their walls exhibit a diversity of shapes and formations.